Contrastive Analysis of English and Urdu Languages

Abstract

This research study undertakes an exploratory and descriptive analysis to identify the differences and similarities between pronouns in the English and Urdu languages. Utilizing Lado’s Model of contrastive analysis (1957), the study systematically compares the structures of both languages, aiming to uncover how each handles pronouns across various categories: demonstrative, personal, possessive, reflexive, indefinite, and relative. Data is derived from intermediate-level grammar guides for both languages, supplemented by additional resources for thorough analysis. The findings reveal distinct patterns in pronoun usage, highlighting significant differences in gender representation, pluralization, and cultural nuances. For instance, English pronouns exhibit clear gender distinctions, while Urdu employs the same terms regardless of gender. Additionally, Urdu pronouns reflect varying degrees of formality and intimacy, which lack direct equivalents in English. These insights are critical for understanding the challenges faced by Urdu speakers learning English and can inform educators and curriculum developers in creating tailored instructional strategies. Overall, this study bridges theoretical frameworks with practical applications, contributing to the field of applied linguistics and enhancing the learning experience for students.

Keywords: Contrastive analysis, English, Urdu, Pronouns