GUMAN

Edward Said and Orientalism: Postcolonial Critique, Representation of Islam, and Western Narratives

Prof. Dr. Rabia Sarfraz — 2025-09-24

This research paper critically examines Edward Said’s groundbreaking work Orientalism (1978) and its enduring impact on postcolonial theory, cultural studies, and the representation of Islam in Western discourse. The study explores how Orientalism, as defined by Said, functions not merely as an academic discipline but as a deeply entrenched mode of thought that enabled and legitimized European imperial domination. Through a close reading of Said’s arguments, the paper investigates the ways in which the West has historically constructed the East as exotic, inferior, and dependent, thereby reinforcing a binary opposition that privileges Western culture and power. The first section of the paper traces the intellectual origins of Orientalist thought in European literature, philology, and colonial administration, situating Said’s critique within the broader history of Western knowledge production. By analyzing key quotations from Orientalism, the discussion highlights how cultural representations serve as instruments of political control. The second section extends the analysis to the modern period, with a particular focus on the portrayal of Islam in Western media, especially after the events of September 11, 2001. It demonstrates how Orientalist stereotypes have been recycled in news coverage, policy debates, and popular culture, thereby shaping public perceptions of Muslims as the “Other.” The paper also addresses criticisms of Said’s work, noting both its limitations and its profound influence on subsequent scholarships in postcolonial studies, media analysis, and critical theory. Ultimately, this study argues that Orientalism remains a vital framework for understanding the interconnectedness of knowledge, power, and representation. By engaging with both the historical roots and contemporary manifestations of Orientalist discourse, the paper underscores the need for more nuanced and decolonized approaches to cultural understanding, particularly in relation to Islam and the modern global order.

Key Words: Orientalism, Edward Said, Postcolonial Criticism, Representation of Islam, Western Media Discourse. Power and Knowledge

The Concept of Peace in Akbar Siyal’s Poetry

عبدالبصير — 2025-09-22

Peace is one of the most vital needs of humanity. In Pashto poetry, poets have long expressed resistance to war and a desire for harmony. Akbar Sial stands out as a progressive poet whose works focus on peace, unity, and love for his nation. His poetry condemns war as destructive and irrational while promoting brotherhood, cultural preservation, and human values. This study shows that Akbar Sial’s poetry carries a universal message of rejecting war and upholding human dignity.

Keywords: Peace, War, Akbar Sial, Pashto Poetry, Harmony

Effect of Flipped Classroom Method on Speaking Skills of ESL Learners at Graduate Level: An Experimental Investigation

Samreen Anjum* — 2025-12-11

The current research explored the impact of an instructional strategy known as the ‘flipped classroom’ on the development of speaking skills among ESL learners. Guided by the constructivist learning theory framework, the researcher employed an experimental approach to assess the impact of the flipped classroom on ESL learners’ speaking skills. The experimental group received instruction through the flipped classroom model, while the participants in control group were given instructions through traditional lecture method. Both groups were given pre-tests and post-tests to measure the participants’ speaking abilities in the four components of fluency, coherence, pronunciation, interactive communication, and proficiency. Analysis of the quantitative data collected revealed that students in the experimental group improved in all aspects of speaking skills than the control group. The study also found the effectiveness of the flipped classroom in promoting self-directed learning, enhancing communicative language pedagogy, and facilitating a shift towards student-centered learning. These findings carry significant pedagogical implications for ESL educators, suggesting that incorporating flipped approaches into language instruction can provide richer opportunities for spoken language practice and more effective skill development.

Keywords: Flipped classroom, ESL learners, critical thinking, constructivism, learner autonomy, language pedagogy

Stream of Consciousness: Basic Discussion, Characteristics and Representative Writers

Dr. Muhammad Daud Rahat — 2025-09-19

This paper provides various discussions and opinions on stream of consciousness in general and how it has flourished from its origins to its appearance in modern novels. The main aim in this study is to make readers understand the modern concept of stream of consciousness in the context of modern novels. The main characteristics and main representatives of this narrative technique have also been discussed in this particular study.

Key words: Stream of Consciousness, Free Association of Thought, Internal Monologue

A Research and Critical Analyze of the Indigenous Singing Tradition in the Sindhi Poetic Genre ‘Kafi’

Dr. Sikandar ‘Sagar’ Panhyar — 2025-11-03

Sindh has long been a cradle of ancient civilization, art, and music. From the Indus Valley Civilization to the eras of the Kalhoras and Talpurs, music and dance have remained an essential part of Sindhi social and spiritual life. Within this long musical tradition, indigenous singing — particularly the singing of Kafi — has emerged as a central genre that embodies mystical, social, and cultural expression. This research aims to explore the indigenous singing tradition of Sindhi Kafi in its historical, artistic, and cultural context. It seeks to examine its evolution, thematic depth, and technical development, while highlighting how Kafi’s indigenous form has influenced Sindhi collective consciousness, mysticism, and national identity. The Research Questions of this study are: How did the tradition of indigenous singing develop through different historical periods in Sindh? What are the philosophical and technical foundations of Kafi singing? What are the major types of indigenous singing (such as Bhagat and Naach) that have helped preserve the Sindhi Kafi tradition? How has the indigenous singing of Kafi influenced Sindhi society, religion, and spirituality? The study adopts a historical, analytical, and qualitative research approach. It employs textual analysis of classical Sindhi poetry, along with field observations and oral traditions. Primary sources include the works of Dr. Nabi Bakhsh Baloch, Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai, Mian Shah Inat, Sachal Sarmast, and other Kafi poets. Secondary data were collected from research publications, archives, and audio-visual records available at cultural institutions such as the Institute of Sindhology. Data Sources is Historical texts, Scholarly works on Sindhi music and poetry, Oral narratives and field interviews,Recorded audio and video materials of indigenous singers. The study reveals that Sindhi Kafi, in its indigenous singing tradition, is not merely an artistic form but a reflection of philosophical, mystical, and ethical values. Through the performances of Bhagats, Naach performers, and folk musicians, Kafi has delivered messages of unity, humanism, and inner peace. The indigenous tradition of Kafi singing remains a living symbol of Sindhi culture and continues to inspire contemporary art and music.

Keywords: Sindhi Kafi history, Indigenous Singing, Bhagat, Naach, Folk Music, Mysticism, Sindhi Culture.

جوش ، راشد اور مجید امجد کی نظر میں انسانی مقصد ِحیات

یاسمین اختر — 2025-09-11

This research article explores the concept of the purpose of life as portrayed in the poetry of three prominent modern Urdu poets: Josh Malihabadi, Noon Meem Rashid, and Majeed Amjad. Although these poets belong to the same literary period, their aesthetic expressions, ideological orientations, and stylistic approaches differ significantly. Despite these differences, the human being remains central in their poetic discourse. Each poet offers a distinct vision: Josh presents a revolutionary and passionate individual who defies fate and strives for freedom and collective empowerment; Rashid’s poetic self is introspective, spiritually inquisitive, and engaged in an endless quest for self-realization and intellectual liberation; while Amjad envisions a contemplative being, deeply connected to nature, silence, and the passage of time.The article highlights how these poets, through divergent lenses, position the individual as an extraordinary entity navigating life through struggle, discovery, and reflection. For Josh, the purpose of life lies in resisting tyranny and asserting human dignity. Rashid, on the other hand, sees life as an evolving journey of internal conflict and metaphysical inquiry. In contrast, Amjad emphasizes harmony with nature and a quiet, reflective engagement with existence. This comparative study underscores that in the works of all three poets, life is not a static reality but a dynamic and conscious progression marked by intellectual and emotional depth.

Keywords: Josh Malihabadi, Noon Meem Rashid, Majeed Amjad, Purpose Of Life, Modern Urdu Poetry, Aesthetic Expressions, Spiritually Inquisitive, Resisting Tyranny , Metaphysical Inquiry

Code-Mixing and Digital Communication: Analyising Tiktok's Influence on Urdu-English Language Practices Among Pakistani Youth

Ishtiaq Ahmad — 2025-10-29

The proliferation of social media platforms has fundamentally transformed linguistic practices globally, with TikTok emerging as a particularly influential catalyst for language innovation among digital natives. In Pakistan's multilingual context, this platform has intensified Urdu-English code-mixing practices among youth, raising critical questions about linguistic identity, language preservation, and digital communication norms. This study examines TikTok's influence on Urdu-English code-mixing patterns among Pakistani youth, investigating how platform engagement reshapes traditional language practices. A quantitative survey methodology was employed, collecting data from 100+ participants across three age groups (21-25, 26-30, 31-35 years) through structured questionnaires examining usage patterns, linguistic behaviors, and demographic variations. Findings reveal that 60% of respondents (aged 21-25) demonstrate high code-mixing rates, spending 2-4 hours daily on TikTok, with marked divergence between home language use (Punjabi, Pashto) and TikTok preferences (Urdu-English mixing). Results indicate generational gradients in linguistic adaptation, with younger users adopting slang, abbreviations, and multimodal communication features while expressing concerns about formal writing competency and regional language decline. The study recommends developing educational interventions that balance digital linguistic innovation with traditional language preservation in Pakistan's evolving multilingual landscape.

Keywords: Code-mixing; TikTok; Urdu-English bilingualism; Pakistani youth; digital communication

مرزا غالب ؔ کی اردو غزل میں صنعتِ التفات

Mushtaq Ahmad — 2025-09-06

Mirza Ghalib, celebrated as one of the greatest poet of both Urdu and Persian, rightly occupies a place among the world’s literary classics. His oeuvre is marked by profound philosophical insights and intricate grammatically structure that continue to invite exploration. Among these the rhetorical device of ILTIFATE remains relatively under examined. ILTIFATE-the sudden shift in moods of address or grammatical persons, where the poet moves from the first person to the third person, or from presence to absence-create a subtle dislocation that both unsettles and enriches the texture of meaning. In Ghalib’s poetry this technique not only reflects the shifting status of consciousness and selfhood but also dramatizes the oscillation between intimacy and estrangement, presence and absence, certainty and doubt. Thu ILTIFATE in Ghalib’s poetry becomes more than a mere stylistics ornament; it emerge as a mirror of his philosophical restlessness and his aesthetics of paradox, revealing the instability of voice as a central dimension of his poetics.

The Creation of the New Afsana: Questioning the Authority of the Afsana Writer and the Contemporary Adaptation of Creativity

ڈاکٹر اسد محمود خان — 2025-08-14

This research explores the emergence of the new afsana (short story) in Urdu literature as a literary phenomenon that challenges traditional norms of authorship, authority, and structure. The study argues that the new afsana not only redefines the role of the afsana writer but also demands a more fluid, context-sensitive form of creativity. In recent decades, the rigid stylistic and thematic expectations once associated with classical afsana have gradually eroded, giving rise to experimental forms, hybrid narratives, and blurred genre boundaries. While the authority of the writer is questioned—particularly in relation to interpretation and control of meaning—creativity continues to retain its noble essence. However, it must adapt to contemporary socio-political realities, technological influences, and changing reader sensibilities. This paper critically examines how new afsana writers engage with the shifting landscape of fiction writing, negotiating between innovation and relevance. It also highlights the tension between literary freedom and the expectations of modern readership. By analyzing selected texts, the paper concludes that the new afsana represents not merely a departure from tradition, but a dynamic reconfiguration of creative agency.

Key Words: Urdu fiction, creative authority, literary tradition, contemporary storytelling, writer-reader dynamics, experimental narrative

An Analysis of Mood in American and Canadian Electoral Speeches: A Comparative Study

Dr. Nazia Anwar — 2025-10-12

Political speeches represent a major means wherein leaders build authority, convey ideology and engage with their electorate. This study analysis the use of mood and modality within the framework of Systemic Functional Linguistics (SFL) to study how leaders in American and Canadian political discourse linguistically realize power and persuasion. Drawing from ten speeches (five from each national framework), the research uses a qualitative comparative design in psychosociological terms which focuses on Halliday's (1994) interpersonal Metafunction of meaning, namely with respect to the use of declarative, interrogative and imperative structures and also modal expressions. The findings point to the output results that American politicians mostly use the declarative and imperative modes to convey assertiveness, leadership and confidence. However, the Canadian politicians mostly tend to use the declarative and interrogative modes in their speeches to convey inclusiveness, negotiation, and group identity. Regarding the modality, the American speeches, per self-revealing, made much use of high-value modals (must, will, etc.), encasing power and determination. On the contrary, Canadian political discourse made lives of medium-value modals (can, should, etc.) engendering a feeling of elasticity and mutual responsibility. The final analysis reveals that mood and modality in discourse represent linguistic devices which strategize whose construction of political ethos occurs as a device of engaging voters. It is concluded that this point about mood advanced in the present study can function as a means of determining the mirror of wide-scope ideologies which are themselves. embedded in national cultural vocabulary frameworks.

آپ بیتی کے فنی لوزمات اور اس کے اقسام

نورشاہدین — 2025-10-03

This paper explores the literary genre of autobiography in Urdu literature. It defines autobiography, discusses its various forms—complete, partial, fictional, poetic, and epistolary—and outlines its essential artistic elements. The study highlights how autobiographies reflect personal experiences, emotions, and socio-cultural contexts. It also compares autobiography with other prose genres like memoir, travelogue, diary, and biography, emphasizing its unique position in literature.

Technical Analysis of T.S. Eliot’s “The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock” in Light of Vinay and Darbelnet’s Equivalence Translation Model

Asghar Bashir — 2025-09-26

T.S. Eliot’s The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock (1915), a seminal modernist poem, encapsulates themes of urban alienation, spiritual crisis, and existential hesitation. This study examines Ahsan Akbar’s Urdu verse translation of the poem through the lens of Vinay and Darbelnet’s translation model, focusing on its technical and artistic merits. Eliot’s poem, a dramatic monologue, portrays Prufrock as a diffident, introspective figure navigating the disorientation of modern society, marked by fragmented imagery and innovative style. Akbar’s translation employs strategies like borrowing, calque, literal translation, transposition, modulation, equivalence, and adaptation to preserve the poem’s symbolic depth and cultural nuances while making it accessible to Urdu readers. Borrowing retains Western references (e.g., “Michelangelo,” “Lazarus”) to maintain Eliot’s intertextuality, while calque and literal translation mirror the original’s structure, ensuring fidelity to its imagery, such as “yellow fog” and “coffee spoons.” Transposition and modulation adapt syntactic and metaphorical elements to align with Urdu’s poetic idiom, enhancing fluency and cultural resonance. Equivalence and adaptation transform Western motifs, like “mermaids” into “water fairies,” embedding them in South Asian literary traditions. Akbar’s balanced approach ensures the translation is both faithful to Eliot’s modernist themes—hesitation, alienation, and existential dread—and resonant with Urdu poetic sensibilities. This study highlights how Akbar’s strategic choices bridge cultural and linguistic divides, preserving the poem’s essence while enriching Urdu literature with modernist possibilities.

Keywords: T.S. Eliot, J. Alfred Prufrock, Modernism, Translation, Vinay and Darbelnet, Urdu Poetry, Alienation, Existential Crisis, Symbolic Imagery, Cultural Adaptation

The Concept of Peace in the Poetry of Akbar's rival

Abdul Basir — 2025-09-24

Keywords: Peace, War, Akbar Sial, Pashto Poetry, Harmony

Building Stronger Teams: How Mindfulness Moderates the Link between Prosocial Behaviors and Team Cohesion in Women's University Football Players in Punjab, Pakistan

Sumeira Rajab — 2025-09-19

Background. Team cohesion is crucial in competitive sports, particularly in women's football where social dynamics influence success. Prosocial behaviors such as self-transcendence and friendship quality may foster cohesion, while aggression may hinder it. Mindfulness has emerged as a factor that can moderate these relationships. Objectives. This study investigates the relationship between prosocial behaviors (self-transcendence, friendship quality, aggression) and team cohesion and how mindfulness moderates the relationship between prosocial behaviours (self-transcendence, friendship quality, aggression) and team cohesion among women football players in Pakistan. Methods. Using a cross-sectional design, data were collected from 373 university-level women football players in Punjab, Pakistan via purposive sampling. Constructs were measured using validated scales and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Results. Self-transcendence (β = 0.256, p = 0.001) and friendship quality (β = 0.213, p = 0.004) were positively associated with team cohesion. Aggression showed a non-significant relationship (β = 0.096, p = 0.150). Mindfulness moderated the effect of self-transcendence (β = -0.112, p = 0.011) but did not moderate friendship quality (β= -0.454, t< 5.015, P= 0.000) however, aggression (β= 0.428, t< 5.054, P= 0.000) positively moderates the relationship between aggression and team cohesion. Conclusions. The findings suggest that promoting prosocial behaviors, moderated by mindfulness, in strengthening team cohesion among women football players in Pakistan. By fostering self-transcendence, enhancing friendship quality, controlling and managing aggression, while addressing socio-cultural barriers coaches and policymakers can create more inclusive and supportive team environments. The findings offer practical insights for designing player development programs and highlight the need for broader, more diverse research to further explore team dynamics in women's sports.

Keywords: Prosocial Behavior, Cohesion, Aggression, Player

Abida Sheikh in the Mirror of the Rubaiyat of "Bal Wapar"

Samreen Anjum* — 2025-12-11

Keywords: Flipped classroom, ESL learners, critical thinking, constructivism, learner autonomy, language pedagogy

کشمیری اردو شاعری میں منقبت نگاری

عابدہ نسیم — 2025-09-12

This article provides a comprehensive overview of the tradition of Manqabat in Kashmiri Urdu poetry, emphasizing its deep spiritual, cultural, and socio-political relevance. In the literary landscape of Kashmir, Manqabat is not confined to mere praise of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them); rather, it evolves as a potent medium of spiritual purification, resistance, and intellectual awakening. Rooted in centuries of devotion, this poetic form reflects the collective emotional and ideological response of the Kashmiri people to a history marked by injustice, violence, and oppression. In this context, the remembrance of Imam Hussain (a.s.) holds profound significance. Kashmiri poets present him not only as a martyr of Karbala but also as a symbol of ethical revolution, unwavering truth, and spiritual leadership. His legacy resonates deeply with the sentiments of a people striving for dignity and justice. Thus, the Manqabat in Kashmiri Urdu poetry becomes a dual expression, one of intense devotion and the other of socio-political consciousness. It becomes a form of protest literature, offering solace as well as strength in times of collective suffering. In the modern era, this tradition continues to grow in importance, reflecting the evolving dynamics of resistance, identity, and faith in the region.

Keywords: Kashmir, Urdu Poetry, Manqabat, Ahl al-Bayt, Imam Hussain (a.s.), Resistance Literature, Spiritual Awakening, Devotional Poetry, Karbala, Socio-political Expression, Kashmiri Literature.

Structural Analysis of Story in Fiction and Film

Dr. Syed Khurram Bukhari — 2025-10-29

The story travels in fiction and Film. Undoubtedly, this is the story that establishes human’s interest. From the day of creation till now, human nature has been inclined towards stories. Story has been important in every known culture. It is primary mode of enabling peoples to imagine together productively. In the story curiosity and striking has attracted the attention of its listeners, readers and viewers. In writing fiction, the strategies on most relied included the structure of the fiction. Structuralism is looking for parallels, echoes, contrast, repetitions, reflections and patterns in the text. When fiction is adapted in Films, the structure of the story is most important and basic as compare to other elements of story. At the time of adapting the story of fiction in a film, if the structure choose correctly then the success of the film is inevitable. This selection is made according to the type of story, their needs and preferences. The change from one structure of understanding to another is not a rupture but a modification of the concerns and interests that are already in place.

Keywords: Fiction, Film, Story, Structure, Dialogue, Narrative, Social existence.

اردو نظم میں خشونت:وجودیت کے تناظر میں

سلطان ایاز — 2025-09-10

This study explores the theme of (khashunat) in Urdu nazm(poetry) through the lens of existential philosophy. Beginning with a linguistic and semantic analysis of the word "khashunat"which encompasses meanings such as harshness, bitterness, anger, hatred, and crueltythe paper argues that this concept reflects not only external social and political conditions but also the internal psychological and existential crises of the individual.From an existential standpoint, human beings are thrust into a meaningless worldand must create their own purpose. This leads to anxiety, alienation, and inner turmoilcore experiences that shape poetic expression.The study examines representative poems and analyzing how each poet transforms violence into a powerful artistic and ideological statement. The paper concludes that violence in Urdu nazm is not just a socio-political motif but also a deeply personal and existential expression, shaped by historical, psychological, and cultural conditions. This duality enriches Urdu poetry with both thematic depth and aesthetic complexity.

Navigating Torn Identity: A Postcolonial Critique of Diasporic Experiences of Immigrants in Adiga’s Amnesty

Neelum Durrani — 2025-09-04

This paper examines Aravind Adiga’s Amnesty through a postcolonial lens, focusing on the fractured identity and precarious existence of undocumented immigrants in diaspora. The novel portrays Danny, a Sri Lankan migrant in Australia, whose survival depends on negotiating cultural displacement, economic marginalization, and the constant threat of deportation. By foregrounding Danny’s struggle between concealment and confession, the story of the novel illuminates the psychological and ethical dilemmas that mark immigrant life in a postcolonial context. The textual; analysis highlights how diasporic identity is shaped by tension between belonging and exclusion, visibility and invisibility, freedom and constraint. Reading Amnesty within the framework of postcolonial theory, the paper reveals how immigrant subjectivity is torn between the host nation’s structures of surveillance and the migrant’s desire for recognition and dignity. Ultimately, Adiga’s novel highlights the contradictions of multicultural societies where the immigrant is both essential to and excluded from the national fabric.

Key Words: Postcolonialism, Diaspora, Immigration, Identity crisis, Hybridity, Cultural displacement, Marginalization

Visual Heritage Recast: The Crescent Motif in 21st-Century Logo Design

Dr. Nida Ijaz — 2025-10-17

This research explores the visual and symbolic significance of the crescent icon in modern logo design. Traditionally associated with cultural, spiritual, and celestial meanings, the crescent has evolved into a widely recognized design element across corporate and institutional branding. The study investigates why contemporary organizations adopt the crescent form, how audiences interpret it, and why some institutions modify or flip its traditional orientation. Through semiotic and visual analysis of selected global and regional logos, the paper reveals that the crescent shape conveys ideas of growth, renewal, inclusivity, and forward movement. The flipped or stylized crescent, meanwhile, reflects design modernity, cultural neutrality, and an effort to appeal to global audiences. The findings contribute to design scholarship by connecting symbolic heritage with contemporary branding practices.

Keywords: Contemporary Logo, Crescent, Culture, Pakistani Logo, Logo Design

Feminist Criticism in Urdu Literature: An Analysis

Dr. Uzma Noreen — 2025-10-11

Feminist trends in Urdu literature have been visible since the forties of the twentieth century. This trend was of two types. One trend is pure feminist consciousness and the other is feminist rhetoric. An important name of that period is Dr. Rashid Jahan. Rashid Jahan started writing around 1930. In fact, two of her stories, ‘Dilli Ki Sair’ and ‘Pardey Ke Zaheer’, published in Lucknow, have received a lot of attention. Rashid Jahan also received anonymous and threatening letters. Rashid Jahan was a socialist and was regularly associated with the communist movement, but her stories shed light on the two different standards and moral principles prevailing in society for women and men. In "Mujrim Kon" (1941), an English pilgrim, Mr. Robbins, sentences a cowherd to three years for abducting another laborer's wife (who had actually gone with him of her own free will). But he himself first abducts the wife of a colonel and then divorces her husband and marries her. The first clear voice of feminism in women's Urdu literature is that of Ismat Chughtai. Ismat's tone, her tone, her style of writing are purely feminism. Her writings are the first experience of expressing feminism and consciousness in women's Urdu literature. Ismat's themes are unique. Her reaction to social conditions is also unique.

Key Words: Feminist trends, Dr. Rashid Jahan, ‘Dilli Ki Sair’, ‘Pardey Ke Zaheer’, Lucknow, "Mujrim Kon", (1941), Ismat Chughtai.

Ghotkian Urdu Poets Under Classical Shades

Talib Hussain Khokhar* — 2025-09-26

No one is born a poet or writer; rather, one becomes so through environment, experience, and intellectual maturity. Every poet is shaped by the social, political, and literary context of his era. Classical poets of Urdu hold a permanent place because they created styles and themes that became models for later generations. A true classic is one whose work expands human thought, enriches imagination, reveals moral truths, and inspires timeless passion. The poets of Ghotki district cannot be classified as “classical,” but their works clearly reflect the impact of classical masters. Though separated by more than a century, Ghotki’s poets drew inspiration from greats like Mir Taqi Mir and Khwaja Mir Dard. For example, the mystic themes of Dard influenced several local poets, while the depth of Mir’s expression can be felt in the verses of Muftoon Korai. Despite differences in style and diction, similarities of thought reveal this influence. Modern Ghotki poets such as Dilshad Siddiqui and Syed Sakhawat Ali also show traces of classical aesthetics, from romantic imagery to metaphors of love, mysticism, and human coexistence. Thus, while preserving their individuality, Ghotki poets enriched Urdu literature by absorbing classical traditions and presenting them in a contemporary voice.

د فېض الوهاب فېض پۀ شاعرۍ کښې قام پرستي Nationalism in the Poetry of Faiz ul Wahab Faiz

Shariq Ahmad Yousafzay — 2025-10-25

Faiz-ul-Wahab Faiz is a distinguished poet whose literary contributions reflect a deep sense of nationalism and patriotism. His poetry embodies themes of unity, cultural pride, and resistance against oppression, making him a significant voice in nationalist literature. This paper explores the various dimensions of nationalism in Faiz's poetry, analyzing how his verses inspire collective identity, social awakening, and importance of Mother tongue. Through a critical examination of his works, the study highlights the poet’s role in shaping nationalistic discourse, emphasizing his poetic techniques, imagery, and ideological stance. By contextualizing his poetry within historical and socio-political frameworks, this research aims to demonstrate how Faiz-ul-Wahab Faiz’s poetic expressions continue to influence nationalist thought and cultural narratives.

Role of Dr.Muhmmad Azam Azam in Pashto Drama

Mr. Rizwanullah khan — 2025-10-26

Dr. Muhammad Azam Azam was a famous and distinguished writer of Pashto literature. He spent his whole life service the Pashto language. He was a poet, dramatist, researcher and critic. His dramas show the real picture of the society and carry reformative and moral messages. He used simple language, humor and real life situations to attract the audience. His dramas not only entertain but also teach lessons about social values and human behavior. From an artistic point of view his dramas are rich in style, dialogue and characterization, which make him one of the leading dramatists of Pashto literature.

Keywords: Dr.Muhammad Azam Azam, Pashto drama, society, humor, reform, art, literature.