ساختیات و پس ساختیات نظریاتی مباحث

Abstract

Criticism started clinch the epoch of Aristotle. Theorizing is of fundamental importance in the process of criticism. Structuralism is also a concept similar to Karl Marx’s Marxism or communism, Darwin' evolution and Sigmund Fried's Psychoanalysis. Because a theory has several ideas behind itself as if it is an organized structure of many ideas and concepts. Ferdinand De Saussure presented the idea of Structuralism and introduced it as a linguistic concept. He was born at Geneva Switzerland in 1857 and died in 1913.the lectures that he delivered at the university of Geneva were published in book form by his two students Charles Bailey and Albert Shelley under the title 'The Course of Linguistic Study' in 1916 after three years of his death. French theorists introduced his theory in all subjects of social sciences including literature. furthermore, a theorist named Levi Strauss gave a formal impetus to his theory and applied it to literature.

Key word: Structuralism, code, Simbel, text, linguistics, Social Science